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Herbs and Medicine
Anything in italics is my headcanon
Healing herbs:
Amrita Vein - Used to hydrate, and to rejuvenate. Leaves are bitter and hold no medicinal value, roots are very useful. Rare. [Wiki]
Blood lotus - Soporific, used as a sedative. Used in grenades and poisons, so only use in very diluted amounts in sedating potions. [Wiki, tumblr page]
Crystal Grace - Used to prevent infection, as an antihypertensive and to reduce anxiety. Rare. [Wiki, Eirlys describing it]
Dawn Lotus - Used to rejuvenate energy, . Rare. [Wiki]
Deep Mushroom - Can rejuvenate stamina, but use sparingly as it can be poisonous (as they often carry and transmit the Taint). The most common varieties for healing are Blightcap, Ghoul's Mushroom and Brimstone Mushroom. [Wiki, Origins and Inquisition, tumblr page]
Dragonthorn - Used against magical injuries. Often used in potions with more magical ingredients in as it damps down the more volatile magical compounds and reduces magical side effects, acts as a preservative. [Wiki, tumblr page]
Elfroot - Used for pain relief, rubbing juice of leaves on wound. Chewing on roots relieves minor ailments. Green leaves, so common as to be weeds, found mostly everywhere. Several varieties, most common for herbalists being Bitter, Gossamer and Royal. Basically this world's version of cannabis. Also enhances other beneficial potions such as antivenom, lyrium potions, etc. [Wiki, tumblr page] Royal elfroot is rarer and far more potent. [Wiki]
Embrium - Used to break fever, to unblock chest and ease breathing, helps with lung diseases. Red orchid flower. Soothing, potent fragrance can be inhaled. Used to upgrade/enhance a variety of potions and tonics. [Wiki, Eirlys using it, tumblr page]
Felandaris - Used against elemental/magical damage. Volatile, strong side effects. Rare. [Wiki]
Foxmint - Popular medicine for a "troublesome gut". [tumblr page]
Prophet's Laurel - Used in poultices, tinctures and incense. A detoxifing agent, berries are a sedative. Rare. [Wiki, Eirlys using it, tumblr page]
Rashvine - Used in salves to harden the skin (for defense/protection). A small amount is good to act against infection and protect infected/weakened areas, but use only in moderation, as it is a poison, with more severe exposure causing red sores, irritation, skin calcification. [Wiki, tumblr page]
Spindleweed - Used for pain relief and sedation, to have it growing around the house is a sign of sickness within, particularly used in palliative care and "afflictions of the lungs". [Wiki, tumblr page]
Witherstalk - Used when fresh as a contraception. Makes a "warming draught", also has (unspecified) effects on the mind. [Wiki, tumblr page]
Other notes:
Belief in balancing the four humors, with bloodletting from leeches and using bile of Gurgut to balance them out. Fereldans use pickled eggs as a cure-all [x] and chickens are a prized possession in the alienages for this reason. Known diseases include plague [x], blight sickness, everything here, malarial ague (see WoT V.2). There isn't any mention of soap in canon as far as I know, but I can see the rich using perfumed oils in their baths, while the poor just make do with water.
Healing herbs:
Other notes:
Belief in balancing the four humors, with bloodletting from leeches and using bile of Gurgut to balance them out. Fereldans use pickled eggs as a cure-all [x] and chickens are a prized possession in the alienages for this reason. Known diseases include plague [x], blight sickness, everything here, malarial ague (see WoT V.2). There isn't any mention of soap in canon as far as I know, but I can see the rich using perfumed oils in their baths, while the poor just make do with water.